@InProceedings{BarbosaLouManDuaGar:2019:SeFrMe,
               author = "Barbosa, Adilson and Loureiro, Geilson and Manea, Silvio and 
                         Duarte, Jos{\'e} Marcelo Lima and Garbi, Giuliani Paulineli",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)}",
                title = "Sequencial framework by metrics related to FPGA COTS",
                 year = "2019",
         organization = "International Astronautical Congress, 70.; IAF Space Systems 
                         Symposium",
             abstract = "This paper presents a sequential framework with the objective of 
                         assisting the component engineer in a process of choosing fault 
                         mitigation techniques in electronic integrated circuits of the 
                         type COTS-FPGA (Commercial Off-the-shelf - Field Programmable Gate 
                         Array). The failures considered occur due to the effect of spatial 
                         radiation and can lead to several types of errors, including those 
                         due to TID (Total Ionizing Dose). In the literature on frameworks, 
                         it is generally found that they are sequential, but do not have 
                         selection metrics. In a current article, we found a framework that 
                         considers metrics, but it is not sequential, making it difficult 
                         to understand the flow of information. It also has the 
                         disadvantage of considering only four types of mitigation 
                         techniques. In the spatial context, mainly of nanosatellites, the 
                         efficiency must be high and meet certain critical parameters like 
                         high processing rate, low energy consumption and low cost. The 
                         hardening process is used to make the component more radiation 
                         tolerant, with less cost. It should be noted that COTS were not 
                         manufactured for the hostile environment of space, mainly related 
                         to the effects of radiation. With the choice and implementation of 
                         these techniques, FPGAs COTS should achieve spatial qualification, 
                         observing some requirements such as maximum power usage, maximum 
                         failure rate and minimum required life time. With the successful 
                         implementation it is possible to achieve significant savings in 
                         the purchase of COTS components, as they are about 20 times 
                         cheaper than those manufactured with radiation tolerance. Another 
                         important advantage is to avoid the possibility of commercial 
                         embargo of these devices, because the market is restricted. In 
                         addition to these advantages, this proposed article covers 
                         approximately twice the mitigation techniques for analysis, 
                         extracted from a literature study (period of seventeen years). The 
                         metrics used for this selection should cover at least the 
                         parameters: power, reliability and lifetime. Thus, one can double 
                         the number of techniques indicated and follow a flow of sequential 
                         information, helping in the measurement of the metrics and in the 
                         best process of selection of the techniques. With the adoption of 
                         this improvement, the component engineer can use this tool to 
                         design projects in the area of COTS FPGA, with the mitigation of 
                         radiation effects according to the objectives of the mission and 
                         sequentially. Keywords: COTS-FPGA, fault mitigation techniques, 
                         sequential framework, selection metrics.",
  conference-location = "Washington, DC",
      conference-year = "21-25 Oct.",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "barbosa_sequencial.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}